Awaiaulu
He Kumukānāwai · 1782–1900
Constitutions of the Hawaiian Kingdom
Mode I · Ka Moʻolelo · The Chronology

A chronology of the kingdom, 1782–1900

Every entry below is reproduced verbatim from the source chronology, in order. The four constitutions are marked in gold; the 1887 Bayonet Constitution in red.

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Citation Notes

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Mode II · Nā Kumukānāwai · The Charters

Four charters, four turns of the kingdom.

Each constitution is a doorway — read its lead-up, its substance, and the aftermath it set in motion. Three were granted; the fourth was forced.

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Illegal · imposed by coup

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Epilogue · 1893–1900

No fifth charter — an overthrow.

After the Bayonet, resistance never ceased. The 1893 overthrow, the Republic, and the 1900 Organic Act follow — but the kingdom granted no further constitution of its own.
Mode III · Ka Papa Manawa · The Atlas

Every force on one axis.

Reigns, charters, foreign pressure and resistance, laid in parallel lanes across 118 years — so the build toward 1893 can be read at a glance.
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Nā Mōʻī · Reigns House of Kamehameha → elected kings
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Nā Kumukānāwai · Charters
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Ke Koʻokoʻo Haole · Foreign Pressure
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Ke Ea · Sovereignty & Kūʻē
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Ka Pīʻāpā · Pressure Index toward 1893 →
Reign Charter Foreign pressure Sovereignty · resistance Rupture Occupation · 1893–1900

Read down any year: the long reign of Kauikeaouli carries the first two charters and the kingdom's recognition; foreign gunboats cluster at 1839, 1843 and 1849; and the lanes crowd together as the century closes — pressure rising to the overthrow.
Mode IV · Ka Hoakāka · The Detail

Sixteen chapters of the record.

Jump to any chapter below — each is reproduced verbatim, with the historians' own citations.

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